Types, Symptoms and Risk factors of Pancreatic Cancer

 Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the pancreas, a glandular organ located behind the stomach. The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar regulation by producing enzymes and hormones like insulin.

Pancreatic cancer typically starts in the cells lining the ducts of the pancreas, which are responsible for carrying digestive juices. Over time, these cancerous cells can grow and spread to other parts of the pancreas or to nearby organs and tissues, as well as to distant parts of the body (metastasis).

Types of Pancreatic Cancer:

1. Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: The most common type, accounting for about 95% of cases, originates in the exocrine cells that produce digestive enzymes. The most common form of exocrine pancreatic cancer is adenocarcinoma.
2. Endocrine Pancreatic Cancer (Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors): Less common, these tumors develop in the endocrine cells of the pancreas, which produce hormones like insulin and glucagon. These tumors are often less aggressive than exocrine pancreatic cancer.

Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer:

• Abdominal pain: Typically starts in the upper abdomen and may radiate to the back.
• Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes, often accompanied by dark urine and pale stools.
• Unexplained weight loss: Significant weight loss without changes in diet or exercise.
• Loss of appetite: Decreased interest in eating, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
• New-onset diabetes: Diabetes that develops suddenly without a clear cause.
• Digestive problems: Changes in bowel habits, indigestion, or difficulty digesting fatty foods.

 

Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer:

• Age: Risk increases with age, with the majority of cases occurring in people over 60.
• Smoking: Cigarette smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for pancreatic cancer.
• Family history: Having close relatives with pancreatic cancer increases the risk.
• Chronic pancreatitis: Long-term inflammation of the pancreas raises the risk.
• Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the likelihood of developing pancreatic cancer.
• Diabetes: Chronic diabetes may slightly increase the risk of pancreatic cancer.
• Dietary Factors: High intake of red meat, processed meats, and saturated fats, as well as low intake of fruits and vegetables, may contribute to an increased risk

 Diagnosis and Treatment:

Diagnosis: Typically involves imaging tests such as CT scans, MRI, or endoscopic ultrasound, as well as biopsy for confirmation.

Treatment: Options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and clinical trials.

Prognosis: Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, which makes it challenging to treat. The prognosis varies depending on the stage of the cancer, with early detection associated with better outcomes.

Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, making it one of the deadliest forms of cancer. However, advancements in the treatment of pancreatic cancer in Bangalore and early detection strategies offer hope for improved outcomes and better quality of life for patients. Regular screening for those at high risk and awareness of symptoms are crucial for early detection and treatment.